Suchergebnisse

The article summarizes the problems of research related to a wide range of issues of East Slavic linguistics, which are reflected in the most important thematic blocks of the yearbook "Rozprawy Komisji Józykowej Łуdzkiego Towarzystwa Naukowego" on Slavic studies, Polonistics, comparative linguistics, and provide evidence of the interest of the Polish scientific community. The purpose of the work is to characterize one of the traditional trends that constitute the content core of the journal and ensure the continuity of traditions that have developed over the decades in one of the oldest bulletins in Poland and expand the opportunities for discussions, especially relevant nowadays due to both intra- and extralinguistic reasons. As a result of the review study, it was revealed that there is a steady tendency to provide a publication platform to specialists in the field of historical and synchronous studies, including East Slavic linguistics. The comparative study of Slavic languages, dialectology and onomastics, the solution of which is based on the systematization of the extensive multi-level material, remain the core issues; the inexhaustibility of topics is demonstrated by works, which are based on the facts of Polish-East Slavic interaction on the boundary of language contacts. The author emphasizes the fundamental contribution to the study of East Slavic languages made by the publications in the journal, which are organized according to the thematic principle. It can be considered as one of the promising directions of the linguistic journal editorial policy at the present stage.

Introduction. The authors analyze previously unknown documents of the Russian archive of Jan Sapieha dating back to 1608–1611.

Methods and materials. In the course of the study such methods as archaeography, paleography, historical and linguistic source studies were applied. The published materials complement significantly the fund of documents of the period and fill the existing "gaps" in available accumulated information in the preserved and previously published materials of the reconstructed archive fund, clarifying the chronology of events in Poshekhonsky and Uglichsky counties in the period from autumn 1608 till spring 1609 and expanding the scientific understanding of clerical practice in the Time of Troubles.

Analysis. Two published newly found petitions of the mayors son of the boyar poshekhonets to False Dmitry II and Podorozhny, the only one of its kind that has come down to us, show that the possibilities of studying the archive of Jan Sapieha are far from exhausted.

Results. As a result of the multifaceted analysis of the newly found materials, the informative value of the reconstructed archive was expanded, firstly, in terms of researching events that took place in lands that were located at a considerable distance from Sapezhin camps near Trinity and did not always fall into the field of view of the secretaries of the mercenary army leader; secondly, in the aspect of studying the genealogy of princes; thirdly, for the study of clerical documentation, including historical facts of changes in the order of promotion in the civil service of representatives of shabby families of service people during the Time of Troubles and the stages of development of business writing in terms of linguistic and documentary parameters of sources.

Introduction. The authors analyze previously unknown forty documents from the Archive of Jan Sapieha of 1608–1611 discovered over the last five years. The authors apply the following Methods: Russian and Polish Archeography, Historical Source Studies, Paleography and Linguistic Source of Studies. The new materials significantly fill in the earlier revealed "gaps" in archival fund previously reconstructed on the basis of preserved and published data on the events of the Time of Troubles. The necessity of looking for new data is determined by the demand for further exploration of one of the most important periods in the history of Russia. Introduction of revealed new documents to the scientific discourse enables us to examine previously known events from new perspectives reflecting confrontation of different political forces, to correlate the newly-appeared facts, to clear up the process of converting Russian population to Cossacks by means of robbing the populace (zemshchina) on the territories under "Tushino Regime", to detail the circumstances of the beginning of the first militia, systematize the information about the state of peasants and orders reigning in Cossack Regiments of Tushino forces as well as in governing bodies of local administration (office environment), to reveal the sources of popular unrests in occupied Moscow, to show social and class, family and household problems of Russian people on the lands occupied by outlanders. The research performed resulted in many-faceted characteristics of the documents that significantly extend the informative value of the reconstructed archive giving new opportunities for scientific research of events of the Time of Troubles. I.O. Tyumentsev read, systematized the documents, gave description of documents from the perspective of Archeography and Source Studies. N.A. Tupikova read and interpreted the content of the texts as well as translated from Polish and commented the documents. N.E. Tyumentseva read the documents translated from Latin and commented fragments written in Latin.

The paper presents a comprehensive approach analysis on the lexicon of dialect speakers, chosen for the purpose of ethnolinguistic study of this research object. Attaining the objectives set contributes to the consideration of the problems relevant to the modern paradigm of scientific knowledge. Following the established methodological principles of linguistic units interpretation and using the recordings of the Don and Ukrainian dialects speakers as research material, the authors present a multilevel classification of a vast array of facts registered while surveying the informants in the residential areas with mixed population in the Volgograd region. The methods of differentiation of the vocabulary with an explicitly or implicitly expressed ethnocomponent of meaning are proposed, the means of linguistic continuum segmentation are determined. It is noted to reflect indirectly the realia, phenomena, processes and signs characteristic of traditional material and spiritual folk culture. The methodological system of dialectological, functional-and-semantic, and ethnolinguistic analysis of lexical units is introduced. It allows to present the person's ethnic identification means in the speech of Russian and Ukrainian speakers, taking into account the content-and-semantic principle of detailing information in the text (within the framework of themes and microthemes) and the semantic-and-categorial method of ethnocultural meanings verbalization in the context (within situations and microsituations). The fundamentals of the field modelling technique embracing a vast array of facts are characterised, their application enables presenting lexicon of dialect speakers as the hierarchical structure, and the ethnolinguistic significance of its individual segments and their components identification is discovered.

The semantics of geographically limited vocabulary is considered in the aspect of the actual problem of interaction and interpenetration of lexical systems of literary language and dialects. The material extracted from literary texts (prose by Volgograd writers) and the converse of the Don Cossack dialects speakers living in the Volgograd region (records made by the expeditionary method and direct interview of informants at the points of dialectological survey of territories within the program of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects) is compared. Contextual and graphical methods of dialectisms semantization are described. The linguistic techniques of revealing the meanings of dialect words with the help of literary analogues, as well as various markers signalling the inclusion of an element that is not commonly used in the utterance, are determined. The models of using the appropriate language means formed on the basis of the constructive principle of their organization for the disclosure of the ideological and artistic intent of the work are characterized. It can serve as a means of updating and enriching the expressive fund of the Russian language, or for the purpose of adequate understanding in communication of different speech culture representatives the subject-conceptual correspondences of linguistic units. The general and special techniques of direct and indirect semantization of lexical units are revealed. They reflect the artistic-figurative and visual-symbolic concretization of reality in the perception of the world. The functional role of the vocabulary under consideration as a resource-forming element of the modern Russian literary language is substantiated.

Introduction. The article describes the documents of the Russian archive of Y.P. Sapieha of 1608– 1611, which supplement the systematized fund of Pereslavl-Zalessky and its county as part of the previously reconstructed collection of papers. Methods and materials. The methods of source analysis, elements of archeographic, paleographic, linguistic source characteristics of texts are used. Published materials discovered by the Swedish researcher E. Lefstrand in the State Archive of Sweden, contain little-known episodes from the life of Pereslavl county, reflected in the petitions of representatives of different strata of the population submitted to the impostor False Dmitry I, and Hetman Sapieha in the period from mid-autumn to the end of 1608. Analysis. The new documents, as their study shows, significantly replenish one of the sections of the Sapieha Russian archive, which includes letters, formal responses and petitions from residents of Zamoskovye and Pomerania. Results. In the process of multidimensional analysis, new information of a documentary-substantive and pragmatic nature was revealed, clarifying the actions of the government army under the command of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky in the situation around Pereslavl-Zalessky, shedding light on important details of the functioning of the Tushinsky regime in the Zamoskovye and the circumstances of the overthrow of the power of the Poles in the captured county lands; the role of petitioning as a form of fixing reliable information about the events that took place and their direct participants. Authors' contribution. N.E. Tyumentseva correlated the papers with the sections of the reconstructed archive and with the available chronological information, gave an archaeographic description of the documents; N.A. Tupikova read the texts, outlined the principles of their reproduction, carried out a source analysis and general editing of the article.

The ancient Cossack portages through the Volga upland — perevoloka — were the main transport communications between the Volga and the Don in the 16th–17th centuries in the area of their maximum convergence. Repeated attempts to construct the Volga-Don shipping canal along one of these portages were made in the Middle Ages but were crowned with success only in Soviet times. This issue has not been sufficiently studied in the scholarhsip. Researchers have written about three old Cossack portages: Kamyshinskii, Dubovskii, and Tsaritsynskii. Practically nothing is known about the Sarpin portage. As a result of the conducted research, the authors of the article come to the conclusion that originally the are between the Volga and the Don was called perevoloka, which was limited to the mouths of the Don rivers — Tsaritsa and Panshinka — and the Volga rivers — Mechetka and Sarpa. It was here that Turkish soldiers in the 16th century tried to build a canal. At the beginning of the 17th century, after the construction of the Tsaritsyn fortress at the mouth of the Tsaritsa river, the Don Cossacks mastered the Kamyshinskii-Ilovlinskii portage, making it the main one and thereby expanding the territory of the portage. Through this portage, Peter the Great made a second attempt to establish the Volga-Don canal between the rivers Kamyshinka and Ilovlia, for which, in order to protect the future waterway between the Volga and the Don, he built the Tsaritsyn line on the perevoloka.

The events of the Russian Time of Troubles are insufficiently studied due to the destruction of Russian archives during the hard times and in the Moscow fire of 1626. The state archives in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were not accumulated. Upon finishing their careers, statesmen took documents to their private collections, which were then shared by the heirs. The search for these documents and their introduction into scholarship have now accelerated due to the digitization of archival materials and their online publishing. A document entitled "Spis przedstawicieli Rosji przysięgających wierność Zygmuntowi III" by Polish archivists has become available on the Platforma Cyfrowa Biblioteki Kórnickiej resource, which lists 26 senior ambassadors from 259 members of the embassy of the Tushino boyars to the Polish king. Until recently, historians have had assumptions about the composition of this embassy on the basis of indirect data from other sources. The document published below, despite the distortion of the names, contains direct references to the members of the Tushino Embassy. The comparison of the data in this document with the information about lands granted to the Tushino boyars and nobles by the king in February — July 1610, available in the Lithuanian Metrica, enables to establish with high accuracy the personalities of the leaders of "the men of Tushino" who swore allegiance to the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sigismund III Vasa. The embassy in question was an important stage in the formation of the project of installing a foreign prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, which led to the creation of a third center of power in the country.